References
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- Albanez, T., & De Lima, G. A. S. F. (2014). Effects of market timing on the capital structure of Brazilian firms. International Finance Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-376720140000015013
- Alti, A. (2005). Clustering Patterns in Initial Public Offerings. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.305156
- Ameer, R. (2012). Macroeconomic factors and initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 8(1), 41-67.
- Bajo, E., Chemmanur, T. J., Simonyan, K., & Tehranian, H. (2016). Underwriter networks, investor attention, and initial public offerings. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.12.001
- Balakrishnan, S., & Koza, M. P. (1993). Information asymmetry, adverse selection and joint-ventures. Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(93)90083-2
- Bansal, R., & Khanna, A. (2012). Determinants of IPOs Initial Return: Extreme Analysis of Indian Market. Journal of Financial Risk Management. https://doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2012.14012
- Batnini, F., & Ph, D. (2015). IPO Waves : How Market Performances. 31(5), 1679-1692.
- Brau, J. C. (2012). Why Do Firms Go Public? In The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391244.013.0016
- Chambers, D., & Dimson, E. (2009). IPO underpricing over the very long run. Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01468.x
- Chipeta, C. (2016). Post IPO dynamics of capital structure on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. South African Journal of Business Management. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i2.57
- Daoud, J. I. (2018). Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/949/1/012009
- Edwards, A. K., & Hanley, K. W. (2010). Short selling in initial public offerings. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.03.010
- Ghufran, B., Awan, H. M., Khakwani, A. K., & Qureshi, M. A. (2016). What Causes Stock Market Volatility in Pakistan? Evidence from the Field. Economics Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3698297
- Hearn, B. (2013). The institutional determinants of IPO firm prospectus length in a developing context: A research note. Research in International Business and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2012.06.001
- Hodges, S. D., Tompkins, R. G., & Ziemba, W. T. (2005). The Favorite/Long-shot Bias in S&P 500 and FTSE 100 Index Futures Options: The Return to Bets and the Cost of Insurance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.424421
- Homan, R. (2001). The principle of assumed consent: The ethics of gatekeeping. Journal of Philosophy of Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00230
- Ibbotson, R. G., Diermeier, J. J., & Siegel, L. B. (1984). The Demand for Capital Market Returns: A New Equilibrium Theory. Financial Analysts Journal. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v40.n1.22
- Jin, Y., Guo, J., Zhou, X., & Li, S. (2016). IPO market cycles and expansion curse : Evidence from Chinese IPO market IPO market cycles and expansion curse :Evidence from Chinese IPO. Investment Analysts Journal, 0(0), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10293523.2016.1201291
- Kanja, J. N. (2014). THE EFFECT OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS ON THE STOCK RETURNS OF
- Kiymaz, H. (2000). The initial and aftermarket performance of IPOs in an emerging market: Evidence from Istanbul stock exchange. Journal of Multinational Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-444X(99)00027-4
- LEE, C. M. C., SHLEIFER, A., & THALER, R. H. (1991). Investor Sentiment and the Closedâ€ÂEnd Fund Puzzle. The Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 6261.1991.tb03746.x
- Lee, S. M., & Edmonston, B. (2011). Age-at-arrival's effects on asian immigrants' socioeconomic outcomes in Canada and the US International Migration Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00857.x
- Liu, S. (2015). Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Liquidity. Journal of Behavioral Finance. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2015.1000334
- Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. (2002). Why Don't Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs? Review of Financial Studies, 15(2 SPEC.), 413-443. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/15.2.413
- Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. (2012). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios. Journal of Banking and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012
- Lowry, M. (2003). Why does IPO volume fluctuate so much? Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00230-1
- Lowry, M. B., & Schwert, G. W. W. (2005). Biases in the IPO Pricing Process. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.260278
- Lowry, M., Officer, M. S., & Schwert, G. W. (2010). The Variability of IPO Initial Returns. LXV(2).
- Pagano, M., Panetta, F., & Zingales, L. (1998). Why do companies go public? An empirical analysis. Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.25448
- Sherman, A. E., & Titman, S. (2005). Building the IPO Order Book: Underpricing and Participation Limits With Costly Information. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.235926
- Sohail, M. K., & Nasr, M. (2007). Performance of initial public offerings in Pakistan. International Review of Business Research Papers
- Tran, A. L., & Jeon, B. N. (2011). The dynamic impact of macroeconomic factors on initial public offerings: Evidence from time-series analysis. Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840903493267
- Abrahamson, M., Jenkinson, T., & Jones, H. (2011). Why Don't US Issuers Demand European Fees for IPOs? Journal of Finance, 66(6), 2055-2082. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01699.x
- Albanez, T., & De Lima, G. A. S. F. (2014). Effects of market timing on the capital structure of Brazilian firms. International Finance Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-376720140000015013
- Alti, A. (2005). Clustering Patterns in Initial Public Offerings. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.305156
- Ameer, R. (2012). Macroeconomic factors and initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 8(1), 41-67.
- Bajo, E., Chemmanur, T. J., Simonyan, K., & Tehranian, H. (2016). Underwriter networks, investor attention, and initial public offerings. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.12.001
- Balakrishnan, S., & Koza, M. P. (1993). Information asymmetry, adverse selection and joint-ventures. Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(93)90083-2
- Bansal, R., & Khanna, A. (2012). Determinants of IPOs Initial Return: Extreme Analysis of Indian Market. Journal of Financial Risk Management. https://doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2012.14012
- Batnini, F., & Ph, D. (2015). IPO Waves : How Market Performances. 31(5), 1679-1692.
- Brau, J. C. (2012). Why Do Firms Go Public? In The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391244.013.0016
- Chambers, D., & Dimson, E. (2009). IPO underpricing over the very long run. Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01468.x
- Chipeta, C. (2016). Post IPO dynamics of capital structure on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. South African Journal of Business Management. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i2.57
- Daoud, J. I. (2018). Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/949/1/012009
- Edwards, A. K., & Hanley, K. W. (2010). Short selling in initial public offerings. Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.03.010
- Ghufran, B., Awan, H. M., Khakwani, A. K., & Qureshi, M. A. (2016). What Causes Stock Market Volatility in Pakistan? Evidence from the Field. Economics Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3698297
- Hearn, B. (2013). The institutional determinants of IPO firm prospectus length in a developing context: A research note. Research in International Business and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2012.06.001
- Hodges, S. D., Tompkins, R. G., & Ziemba, W. T. (2005). The Favorite/Long-shot Bias in S&P 500 and FTSE 100 Index Futures Options: The Return to Bets and the Cost of Insurance. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.424421
- Homan, R. (2001). The principle of assumed consent: The ethics of gatekeeping. Journal of Philosophy of Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00230
- Ibbotson, R. G., Diermeier, J. J., & Siegel, L. B. (1984). The Demand for Capital Market Returns: A New Equilibrium Theory. Financial Analysts Journal. https://doi.org/10.2469/faj.v40.n1.22
- Jin, Y., Guo, J., Zhou, X., & Li, S. (2016). IPO market cycles and expansion curse : Evidence from Chinese IPO market IPO market cycles and expansion curse :Evidence from Chinese IPO. Investment Analysts Journal, 0(0), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10293523.2016.1201291
- Kanja, J. N. (2014). THE EFFECT OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS ON THE STOCK RETURNS OF
- Kiymaz, H. (2000). The initial and aftermarket performance of IPOs in an emerging market: Evidence from Istanbul stock exchange. Journal of Multinational Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-444X(99)00027-4
- LEE, C. M. C., SHLEIFER, A., & THALER, R. H. (1991). Investor Sentiment and the Closedâ€ÂEnd Fund Puzzle. The Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 6261.1991.tb03746.x
- Lee, S. M., & Edmonston, B. (2011). Age-at-arrival's effects on asian immigrants' socioeconomic outcomes in Canada and the US International Migration Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00857.x
- Liu, S. (2015). Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Liquidity. Journal of Behavioral Finance. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2015.1000334
- Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. (2002). Why Don't Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs? Review of Financial Studies, 15(2 SPEC.), 413-443. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/15.2.413
- Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T., & Metaxas, V. L. (2012). Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios. Journal of Banking and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012
- Lowry, M. (2003). Why does IPO volume fluctuate so much? Journal of Financial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(02)00230-1
- Lowry, M. B., & Schwert, G. W. W. (2005). Biases in the IPO Pricing Process. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.260278
- Lowry, M., Officer, M. S., & Schwert, G. W. (2010). The Variability of IPO Initial Returns. LXV(2).
- Pagano, M., Panetta, F., & Zingales, L. (1998). Why do companies go public? An empirical analysis. Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.25448
- Sherman, A. E., & Titman, S. (2005). Building the IPO Order Book: Underpricing and Participation Limits With Costly Information. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.235926
- Sohail, M. K., & Nasr, M. (2007). Performance of initial public offerings in Pakistan. International Review of Business Research Papers
- Tran, A. L., & Jeon, B. N. (2011). The dynamic impact of macroeconomic factors on initial public offerings: Evidence from time-series analysis. Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840903493267
Cite this article
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APA : Raheem, F., Khan, S., & Malik, M. F. (2020). Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, V(II), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-II).05
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CHICAGO : Raheem, Fazli, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. 2020. "Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V (II): 60-74 doi: 10.31703/ger.2020(V-II).05
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HARVARD : RAHEEM, F., KHAN, S. & MALIK, M. F. 2020. Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, V, 60-74.
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MHRA : Raheem, Fazli, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. 2020. "Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V: 60-74
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MLA : Raheem, Fazli, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. "Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V.II (2020): 60-74 Print.
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OXFORD : Raheem, Fazli, Khan, Shehzad, and Malik, Muhammad Faizan (2020), "Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan", Global Economics Review, V (II), 60-74
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TURABIAN : Raheem, Fazli, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. "Impact of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Regimes on Fluctuation in Number of IPOs in Pakistan." Global Economics Review V, no. II (2020): 60-74. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-II).05