Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?
This study estimates the effect of state ownership and other firmspecific variables on the capital structure of Chinese listed industries operating in different sectors. State ownership and leverage are both negatively and positively associated. The negative association of state ownership with leverage was found in construction, metals and metal products, services and transport sectors, while positive association was found in chemical, rubber, plastic & non-metallic products and machinery & other equipment. Size and profitability are the other most prominent factors affecting capital structure of the firms across different sectors in China. Hence, this study shows that in addition to other firm specific variables, ownership structure also determines capital structure of Chinese firms.
-
Capital Structure, Corporate Ownership, State-Owned Enterprises, China.
-
(1) Muhammad Yusuf Amin
Lecturer, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Amanat Ali
Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Bashir Khan
PhD Scholar, School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Allen, F., Qian, J., & Qian, M. (2005). Law. finance and economic growth in China. Journal of Financial Economics, 77, 57-116.
- Barclay, M. J., & Smith, C. W. (1995). The matuarity structure of corporate debt. The Journal of Finance, 50, 609-631.
- Bernanke, B., Campbell, J., & Whited, T. (1990). U.S. corporate leverage: developments in 1987 and 1988. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity I, 255-278.
- Bhabra, H. S., Liu, T., & Tirtiroglu, D. (2008). Capital structure choice in a nascent market; evidence from listed firms in china. Financial Managment, 37, 341-364.
- Booth, L., Aivazian, V., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2001). Capital Structures in Developing Countries. Journal of Finance, 56, 87-130.
- Brandt, L., & Li, H. (2003). Bank discrimination in transition economies; ideology, information, or incentives? Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(3), 387-413
- Chan, K., Wang, J., & Wei, K. J. (2004). Underpricing and long-term performance of IPOs in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 10(3), 409-430.
- Chang, C., Chen, X., & Liao, G. (2014). What are the eliably important determinants of capital structure in China? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 30, 87-113.
- Chang, E. C., & Wong, S. M. (2004). Political control and performance in China's listed firms. Journal of Comparative Economics, 32, 617-636.
- Chen, J. J. (2004). Determinants of capital structure of chinese-listed companies. Journal of Business Research, 57(12), 1341-1351.
- Chen, J., Jiang, C., & Lin, Y. (2014). What determine firms capital structure in China? Managerial Finance, 40(10), 1024-1039.
- Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (1999). Institutions, financial markets, and firm debt maturity. Journal of Financial Economics, 54(3), 295-336.
- Dong, Y., Liu, Z., Shen, Z., & Sun , Q. (2014). Political patronage and capital structure in China. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 50(3), 102-125.
- Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2002). Testing trade-off and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. The Review of Financial Studies, 15(1), 1-33.
- Fan, J. P., Huang, J., & Zhu, N. (2009). Distress without bankruptcy: an emerging market perspective. Working Paper. Chinese University of Hong Kong.
- Firth, M. A., Lin, C., & Wong, S. M. (2008). Leverage and investment under a statecontrol bank lending environment: evidence from China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(5), 642-653.
- Frank, M. Z., & Goyal, V. K. (2009). Capital structure decisions: which factors are reliably important. Financial Management, 38, 1-37.
- Gordon, R. H., & Li, W. (2003). Government as a discriminating monopolist in the financial market: the case of China. Journal of Public Economics, 87, 283-312.
- Harris, M., & Raviv, A. (1991). The theory of capital structure. Journal of Finance, 46, 297-355.
- Huang, G., & Song, F. M. (2006). The determinants of capital structure; evidence from china. China Economic Review, 17(1), 14-36.
- Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency cost of free cash flow, corporate finance and takeovers. American Economic Review, 76, 323-339.
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Finacial Economics, 3, 306- 360.
- Lemmon, M. L., & Zender, J. F. (2010). Debt capacity and test of capital structure theories. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45, 1161-1187.
- Li, K., Yue, H., & Zhao, L. (2009). Ownership, institutions, and capital structure: evidence from China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(3), 471-490.
- Li, S. (2001). Bankeuptcy law in China: lessons of the past twelve years. Harvard Asia Quarterly, 5, winter issue.
- Mackay, P., & Phillips, G. (2005). How Does Industry Affect Firm Financial Structure? Review of Financial Studies, 18(4), 1433-1466
- Michaelas, N., Chittenden, F., & Poutziouris, P. (1999). Financial policy and capital structure choice in U.K. SMEs: Empirical evidence from company panel data. Small Business Economics, 12(2), 113-130.
- Myers, S. C. (1977). Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 147-175.
- Myers, S. C. (1984). The Capital Structure Puzzle. Journal of Finance, 39, 575-592.
- Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate finance and investment decisions when firms have information investors do not have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13, 187-221.
- Qian, Y., Tian, Y., & Wirjanto, T. S. (2009). Do chinese publicly listed companies adjust their capital structure toward a target level? Chinese Economic Review, 20(4), 662-676.
- Rajan, R. G., & Zingales, L. (1995). what do we know about capital structure? some eveidence from international data. Journal of finance, 50, 1421-1460.
- Roodman, D. (2006). How to do xtabond2: an introduction to ''Difference'' and ''System'' GMM in stata. Centeral for Global Development Working Paper Number 103.
- Scott, J. H. (1977). Bankruptcy, Secured Debt, and Optimal Capital Structure. Journal of Finance, 32, 1-19.
- Smith, C., & Watts, R. (1992). The investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend and compensation policies. Journal of Financial Economies, 32(3), 263- 292.
- Sun, Q., & Tong, W. H. (2003). China share issue privatization: the extent of its success. Journal of Financial Economics, 70(2), 183-222.
- Talberg, M., Winge, C., Frydenberg, S., & Westgaard, S. (2008). Capital Structure Across Industries. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 15(2), 181-200.
- Tian, G. L. (2001). State shareholding and the value of China's firms. Working paper. London Business School, London, Uk.
- Wald, J. K. (1999). How Firm Characteristics Affect Capital Structure: An International Comparison. Journal of financial research, 22, 161-187.
- White, M. J. (1993). Corporate bankruptcy: A U.S.- European comparison, Working paper. University of Michigan
- Zhao, J., & Tang, J. (2018). Industrial structure change and economic growth: A ChinaRussia Comparison. China Economic Review, 47, 219-233.
- Zhengwei, W. (2013). Optimal capital structure: case of SOE versus private listed corporation. Chinese Management Studies, 7, 604-616
- Zou, H., & Xiao, Z. X. (2006). The financing behaviour of listed Chinese firms. The British Accounting Review, 38(3), 239-258.
Cite this article
-
APA : Amin, M. Y., Ali, A., & Khan, B. (2019). Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?. Global Economics Review, IV(II), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(IV-II).06
-
CHICAGO : Amin, Muhammad Yusuf, Amanat Ali, and Bashir Khan. 2019. "Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?." Global Economics Review, IV (II): 70-82 doi: 10.31703/ger.2019(IV-II).06
-
HARVARD : AMIN, M. Y., ALI, A. & KHAN, B. 2019. Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?. Global Economics Review, IV, 70-82.
-
MHRA : Amin, Muhammad Yusuf, Amanat Ali, and Bashir Khan. 2019. "Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?." Global Economics Review, IV: 70-82
-
MLA : Amin, Muhammad Yusuf, Amanat Ali, and Bashir Khan. "Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?." Global Economics Review, IV.II (2019): 70-82 Print.
-
OXFORD : Amin, Muhammad Yusuf, Ali, Amanat, and Khan, Bashir (2019), "Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?", Global Economics Review, IV (II), 70-82
-
TURABIAN : Amin, Muhammad Yusuf, Amanat Ali, and Bashir Khan. "Capital Structure of Chinese Firms Across different Sectors: Does Ownership Structure Matter?." Global Economics Review IV, no. II (2019): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(IV-II).06