ARTICLE

INCOMEBASED INEQUALITIES AND HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN DEVELOPING DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

17 Pages : 186-195

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).17      10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).17      Published : Mar 2023

Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries

Abstract

    This study aims to understand the cost-effectiveness of health expenditures and explore why some countries have low expenses but better health outcomes, while others spend more but have underdeveloped healthcare systems. It analyzes income and health expenditures in developed and developing countries using existing literature and data analysis. The findings highlight the need for tailored policies, with developed countries focusing on cost increases and developing countries improving available healthcare services. This research provides insights for future studies and policy development, emphasizing the disparities in health expenditures between developing and developed countries.

    Cost-effectiveness, Health Expenditures, Developing Countries, Developed Countries

    (1) Saima Akhtar
    Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Economics, PMAS Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Gulnaz Hameed
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, PMAS Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Saad Ali Rabbani
    Ph.D. Scholar, University of Malaya.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Batbold, O., Banzragch, T., Davaajargal, D., & Pu, C. (2021). Crowding-Out Effect of Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Consumption Among Households in Mongolia. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 11(9), 1874– 1882. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.91
  • Benli, M. (2022). Carbon Emission as a Determinant of Health Expenditures. Sosyal Bilimler AraÅŸtırma Derigsi, 11(2), 250-257. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ssrj/issue/70021/1121395
  • Cooper, J. (2018). UK Health accounts: 2015. Statistical Bulletin. Office for National Statistics. https://www. ons. gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthcaresystem/bulletins/u kh ealthaccounts/2015
  • Evans, D. B., Tandon, A., Murray, C. J., & Lauer, J. A. (2000). The comparative efficiency of national health systems in producing health: an analysis of 191 countries. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Kelly, M. (2017). Health capital accumulation, health insurance, and aggregate outcomes: A neoclassical approach. Journal of Macroeconomics, 52, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2017.02.003
  • Limaye, V. S., Max, W., Constible, J., & Knowlton, K. (2019). Estimating the Health-Related Costs of 10 Climate- Sensitive U.S. Events During 2012. GeoHealth, 3(9), 245–265. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gh000202
  • Nair, C., & Karim, R. (1993). An overview of health care systems: Canada and selected OECD countries. PubMed, 5(3), 259–279.
  • Poullier, J. P., Hernandez, P., Kawabata, K., & Savedoff, W. D. (2002). Patterns of global health expenditures: results for 191 countries. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Stanley, T. D., Doucouliagos, H., Giles, M., Heckemeyer, J. H., Johnston, R. J., Laroche, P., Nelson, J. P., Paldam, M., Poot, J., Pugh, G., Rosenberger, R. S., & Rost, K. (2013). META-ANALYSIS OF ECONOMICS RESEARCH REPORTING GUIDELINES. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(2), 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12008
  • Waldorf, B., & Byun, P. (2005). Meta-analysis of the impact of age structure on fertility. Journal of Population Economics, 18(1), 15–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-004-0199-9
  • Weichselbaumer, D., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (2005). A Meta-Analysis of the International Gender Wage Gap. Journal of Economic Surveys, 19(3), 479–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00256.x
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Health expenditure per capita and in relation to GDP.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Akhtar, S., Hameed, G., & Rabbani, S. A. (2023). Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries. Global Economics Review, VIII(I), 186-195. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).17

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Akhtar, Saima, Gulnaz Hameed, and Saad Ali Rabbani. 2023. "Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries." Global Economics Review, VIII (I): 186-195 doi: 10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).17

HARVARD

    HARVARD : AKHTAR, S., HAMEED, G. & RABBANI, S. A. 2023. Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries. Global Economics Review, VIII, 186-195.

MHRA

    MHRA : Akhtar, Saima, Gulnaz Hameed, and Saad Ali Rabbani. 2023. "Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries." Global Economics Review, VIII: 186-195

MLA

    MLA : Akhtar, Saima, Gulnaz Hameed, and Saad Ali Rabbani. "Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries." Global Economics Review, VIII.I (2023): 186-195 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Akhtar, Saima, Hameed, Gulnaz, and Rabbani, Saad Ali (2023), "Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries", Global Economics Review, VIII (I), 186-195

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Akhtar, Saima, Gulnaz Hameed, and Saad Ali Rabbani. "Income-Based Inequalities and Health Expenditures in Developing & Developed Countries." Global Economics Review VIII, no. I (2023): 186-195. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).17