http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).25
10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).25
Published : Mar 2023
Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan
This article examines whether signing the IMF program can help reduce income inequality and create political stability in Pakistan. Considering economic, political and social factors, the paper uses the ARDL model to test the empirical relationship between income inequality, IMF program agreements and political stability for the period 1996-2022. The study found that IMF assistance has a direct impact on income inequality in Pakistan which implies that the IMF program has further exacerbated unequal distribution in income in Pakistan. Likewise, political stability, institutional quality, GDP growth and population growth directly affect income inequality in Pakistan. Given the study's conclusions, policymakers in Pakistan need to consider a different approach that highlights the interconnectedness of IMF programs, political stability, and income inequality. The focus should be on a balance between economic reforms, social justice and political considerations. Collective efforts of the IMF, governments, and civil society are needed to resolve the economic, social and political issues in Pakistan.
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IMF Programs, Political Stability, Income Inequality, ARDL, ARDL Bound Test
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(1) Rahila Tabassum
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Zafir Ullah Khan
Chairman, Department of Economics, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Zubair
Director, Institute of Management Sciences, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan.
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Cite this article
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APA : Tabassum, R., Khan, Z. U., & Zubair, M. (2023). Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, VIII(I), 287-305. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).25
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CHICAGO : Tabassum, Rahila, Zafir Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Zubair. 2023. "Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII (I): 287-305 doi: 10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).25
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HARVARD : TABASSUM, R., KHAN, Z. U. & ZUBAIR, M. 2023. Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, VIII, 287-305.
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MHRA : Tabassum, Rahila, Zafir Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Zubair. 2023. "Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII: 287-305
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MLA : Tabassum, Rahila, Zafir Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Zubair. "Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII.I (2023): 287-305 Print.
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OXFORD : Tabassum, Rahila, Khan, Zafir Ullah, and Zubair, Muhammad (2023), "Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan", Global Economics Review, VIII (I), 287-305
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TURABIAN : Tabassum, Rahila, Zafir Ullah Khan, and Muhammad Zubair. "Should We Celebrate Signing of IMF Program(s)?: Analysing from the lens of Income Inequality in Pakistan." Global Economics Review VIII, no. I (2023): 287-305. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-I).25