WORK OF UNDERAGE INDIVIDUALS IN PAKISTAN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      Published : Summer 2023
Authored by : Ahmad Raza , Syed Fahad Ali Shah , Nahida Noor

03 Pages : 27-41

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      Published : Sep 2023

Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors

    Work of underage people or child work denotes the engagement of children in any type of activity that divests them from their childhood. The present study piloted to investigate the social and economic determinants of work by underage people in Pakistan. The study uses probit and logit estimation techniques for the purposes of analysis. The study found that education of the underage individuals and of the household head condenses the probability of work by under agers. The wages of household head indicates the financial situation of the household. This exerts inverse impact on the labor by under agers.

    Child, labor, Wages, Education, Enrollment, Labor Force Survey, Pakistan
    (1) Ahmad Raza
    Manager, Montrose Deli, Chicago, United States of America.
    (2) Syed Fahad Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Nahida Noor
    Subject Specialist, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan
PDF
  • Ahmad, E., & Hafeez, A. (2007). Labour Supply and Earning Functions of Educated Married Women: A Case Study of Northern Punjab. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(1), 45–62. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41260787
  • Ahmad, A. (2012). Poverty, Education and Child Labour in Aligarh City- India. Studies on Home and Community Science, 6(3), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2012.11885382
  • Amedu, A. N. & Ossai. O. V. (2023). Influence Of Child Labor On Primary School Pupil's Enrolment And Dropout: A Scoping Review, Journal Of Education And Teaching, Vol. 4., No. 3, DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.51454/Jet.V4i3.317
  • Basu, K., & Van, P. H. (1998). The Economics of Child Labor. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 412–427. http://www.jstor.org/stable/116842
  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493–517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228949
  • Gayathri, U. (2017): A study on the existence of child labour in India. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(7), 35- 37.
  • Gilani, S. R., Zahoor, S. & Iqbal, M. A. (2022). ‘Child Labor in Pakistan: Causes, Consequences and Prevention’, Pakistan Social Sciences Review, Vol. 6, No. 2 [197-208]. http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-II)18
  • Gondal, A.H. (2003). Women’s Involvement In Earning Activities: Evidence From Rural Pakistan. Lahore J. Econ., 8, 123–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2003.v8.i2.a7
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill
  • HAFEEZ, A., & AHMAD, E. (2002). FACTORS DETERMINING THE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION DECISION OF EDUCATED MARRIED WOMEN IN A DISTRICT OF PUNJAB. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 40(1), 75– 88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25825237
  • Hafeez, A. (2013). An Analysis of the Economic Activities of Unmarried Workers in the Urban Areas of Pakistan, Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking.
  • Hafeez, A. (2015). Determinants Of Wage Function Of Wives In Pakistan, Agu International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences & Humanities.
  • Hafeez, A. & Hussain, S (2019). An empirical analysis of child labor: Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Review, 2(1), 48-64.
  • Hamenoo, E. S., Dwomoh, E. A. & Dako- Gyeke, M. (2018). Child labour in Ghana: Implications for children’s education and health. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 248–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.026
  • Hussain, M., Saud, A. & Khattak, M. R. (2017). Socio-economic determinants of working Children: Evidence from capital territory of Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Administrative Review, 1(2), 145-158
  • Kayen, H. S. (2023). ‘The Impact Of Child Labor On Children's Development: A Case Study Of Afghanistan’, Bhineka Tunggal Ika Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan PKn 10(2):326-336, DOI: 10.36706/jbti.v10i2.22769.
  • Ravallion, M., & Wodon, Q. (2000). Does Child Labour Displace Schooling? Evidence on Behavioural Responses to an Enrollment Subsidy. The Economic Journal, 110(462), C158–C175. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2565729
  • Siddique, A. F. (2013). Important Determinants of Child Labor: A Case Study for Lahore. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(1), 199– 221. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23526081
  • Shujaat, Q. (2007). The state of pakistan’s children. Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Children, F-10/1 Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Tang, C., Zhao, L., & Zhao, Z., (2016). Child labor in China, China Economic Review, 30(30), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.05.006
  • Tenikue, M. & Verheyden, B. (2008). Birth order, child labor and schooling: Theory and evidence from Cameroon, viewed 27 November 2012.

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. 2023. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII (III): 27-41 doi: 10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03
    HARVARD : RAZA, A., SHAH, S. F. A. & NOOR, N. 2023. Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors. Global Economics Review, VIII, 27-41.
    MHRA : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. 2023. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII: 27-41
    MLA : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII.III (2023): 27-41 Print.
    OXFORD : Raza, Ahmad, Shah, Syed Fahad Ali, and Noor, Nahida (2023), "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors", Global Economics Review, VIII (III), 27-41
    TURABIAN : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review VIII, no. III (2023): 27-41. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03

agen228

sbobet88

agen228 login

promo agen228

link alternatif agen228

login pkv games

bola228

bola228

bola228

judi bola

judi bola

liga88

agen228

situs live casino

olb228

olb228

bandarqq

mix parlay

slot gacor

mix parlay

agen bola terpercaya

agen judi bola

casino agen228

https://whitetailsofoklahoma.net/

https://www.usafocs62a.net/

https://www.smithforcps.com/

https://www.prestigeprivateparties.com/

slot gacor

https://bolacepat.com/

https://oswegocountygovernments.com/

link alternatif agen228

mix parlay

https://www.towingpinole.com/

situs slot gacor

agen bola piala dunia 2026

https://esdrasacademy.com/

sbobet88

situs taruhan bola

https://portablegeneratorreview.com/

slot gacor

https://royalhoneyreview.com/

live casino

https://www.atommobile.net/

situs judi bola

agen228

slot gacor hari ini

situs judi bola terpercaya

situs judi bola terpercaya

mix parlay

mix parlay

situs toto

mix parlay

sbobet88

judi bola

Bola62

sbobet

Agen Bola

mix parlay

agen228

sbobet88

judi bola

judi bola

agen228

agen228

agen judi bola

agen sbobet

bandarqq

bola228

slot gacor

parlay

judi bola

judi bola

Bola62

situs bola62

agen228

agen228

bola228

MAHJONG WAYS

bola228

liga88

judi bola

judi bola resmi

sbobet88

nexbola

mix parlay

sbobet88

situs judi bola

bola62

liga62

liga228

bos228

indo365

hokibet228

bolaku

nextbola

winning228

bolaabadi

domino228

liga62

bola62

bola62

bola62

bola62

bola62

liga62

liga62

liga62

liga62

liga228

liga228

indo365

indo365

indo365

asiaqq

asiaqq

asiaqq

bos228

bos228

bos228

bos228

indo365

bola62

liga62

bos228

indo365

https://todossantosmusicfestival.com/kontak/

liga228

https://canapaexpo.com/kontak/

bola62

https://masiacanpalet.com/kontak/

https://alwkil.com/kontak/

https://deepsouthfilm.com/kontak/

https://buylesscrap.org/kontak/

https://realmofcaringfoundation.org/kontak/

https://apostropheuk.com/kontak/

https://atlantajwj.org/kontak/

https://crackstevens.com/kontak/

https://flickoff.org/kontak/

https://doctorzhivagobroadway.com/kontak/

https://lesphillip.com/kontak/

https://puffsofdoom.com/kontak/

https://annieross.net/kontak/

https://shmaltzdeli.com/kontak/

https://fourvee.com/kontak/

https://cardewdesign.com/kontak/

https://cheap-heat.com/kontak/

nextbola

nextbola

nextbola

nextbola

bolaabadi

bolaabadi

bolaabadi

bolaabadi

bolaabadi

domino228

bandarq228

bolaku

winning228

nextbola

bolaabadi

nextbola

bolaku

hokibet228

winning228

bolaabadi

nextbola

bolaku

hokibet228

winning228

nextbola

nextbola

bola62

bola62

bola62

liga62

liga62

liga62

bola62

bola62

liga62

liga62

liga62

bola62

liga62

liga62

mahjong

https://dev.pybcn.org/

sbobet88

parlay

prediksi parlay

https://tridentsdesign.com/portfolio-filter/

https://raleighcraigslist.com/

judibola.it.com

judi bola

liga62

liga62

bola62

liga62

liga62

liga62

liga62

bola62

liga62

liga62

bola62

bola228

bola62

liga228

https://heylink.me/www.bola228.org/

bola228

bola62

rtp gacor hari ini/

Slot Gacor malio805

prediksi judi bola

Situs Slot Gacor Hari Ini

olb228

agen228

agen228

bola62

liga88

JUDI BOLA ONLINE

bola228

liga88

liga88

olb228

olb228

olb228

olb228

agen228

agen228

agen228

imcpoker

poker855

dewaqq

dewaqq

https://var-orthopedie.com/product/chausson-articule-bebax/

https://var-orthopedie.com/product/genouillere-rotulienne-genu-pro-active/

https://var-orthopedie.com/

https://equimondia.com/

https://equimondia.com/nos-produits/largile-blanche-bentonite/

https://equimondia.com/nos-produits/11-6-spiruline-cheval-organique-html/

judi bola

https://sabonelaundry.fr/blog-list/

https://sabonelaundry.fr/sabone-laundry-sabone-laundry-blanchisserie-marseille/

agen228

agen228

agen228

liga88

liga88

agen228

agen228

agen228

judi bola resmi

bola62

bola62

liga88

agen228

agen228

agen228

liga228

liga228

dewaqq

bola62

https://www.singapura.nyc/contact/

judi bola

bermain pola mahjong ways 2

permainan mahjong ways 2

fokus di mahjong wins 3

pola grid mahjong wins 3

Kompleksitas Permainan Mahjong Ways 2

Game Penghasil Saldo DANA Masih Diminati

Sistem RTP Pragmatic Mahjong Scatter Hitam

Strategi Mahjong Wins 3 Berbasis Data

Membaca Pola Grid Mahjong Wins 3

Menjaga Fokus di Mahjong Wins 3

pola rtp live mahjong 3 di ambang kebangkrutan

bangkit setelah menemukan pola rtp live mahjong 3

utang numpuk hingga bangkit berkat mahjong 3

pola mahjong 3 jadi titik pengusaha hamper gulung tikor

strategi rtp live mahjong 3 menghubah segalanya

liga88

mix parlay

agen228

  • agen bola parlay
  • slot gacor online gampang pecah
  • https://www.christianmonitor.org/

    judi bola parlay

    https://www.papajohnspizza.mx/

    https://www.musichelpsheal.org/

    kofbola link

    https://www.kyndrasteinmann.com/

    https://rentaljogja.co.id/

    https://www.profilelinker.com/contact/

    https://www.ayrag.com/

    taruhan bola kofbola

    https://www.stikes-whs.ac.id/