PREVIOUS ISSUES

Volume-VI

, Issue-II

(SPRING 2021)

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01 - FATF and Terror Financing: The Perspective of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).01
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).01      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    There is a plethora of international organizations that has been formed to maintain peace in the world. FATF is such an organization that has been formed in order to scrutinize and control the menace of money laundering and that of the terror financing. In a third world state like Pakistan where there is dearth of transparent mechanisms of money transfers and where there is no rule of law, it has ... Details

    FATF, Terror Financing, Al Qaida, Money Laundering, Illicit Transfer, Hawala and Hundi

    (1) Shabnam Gul
    Assistant Professor/In-charge, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Faizan Asghar
    MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Shujat Ali
    Ministry of Defense.
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02 - Impact of Knowledge, Entrepreneurial Attitude, and Competencies on Entrepreneuri

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).02
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).02      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    This research aims to understand the main dynamics which enhance the entrepreneurial motivation among students of Faisalabad. The quantitative method explores the relationship between knowledge base, entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurship competencies, and entrepreneurial motivation. A data of 150 respondents were collected from recognized universities of the Higher Education Commission (HEC)... Details

    Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Motivation, Knowledgebase, Entrepreneurship Competencies, Entrepreneurial Attitudes

    (1) Aniqa Zubair
    Teaching Assistant, Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Rohma Yousaf
    Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Nausheen Syed
    Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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03 - Evaluating the Determinants and Sustainability of Public Debt for the South Asia

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).03
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).03      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    This study examines the sustainability and relationship of public debt to selected macroeconomic variables for South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries from 1996 to 2017. For the relationship of public debt to macroeconomic variables, we employ a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model. For sustainability measurement of public debt, we used a theoretically der... Details

    Public Debt, Macroeconomic Variables, Panel ARDL, Sustainability, SAARC Countries

    (1) Ayaz khan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Zahoor ul Haq
    Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Javed Iqbal
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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04 - IPO Intra Industry Effects on Peer Firm's Earnings, Composition and Stock Return

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).04
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).04      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    The present study is conducted to see how an IPO event affects the existing firm's performance within the same industry. For this purpose, 88 IPO firms were examined from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 1998-2016. IPO is examined from three major perspectives IPO proceeds, initial returns and time Lag between IPO listing date and IPO subscription. The study uses Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns (B... Details

    IPO Event, CAR, Time Lag, BHAR, HHI

    (1) Muhammad Irfan Khadim
    PhD Scholar, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Samreen Fahim Babar
    Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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05 - Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Unemployment in Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).05
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).05      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Unemployment is an alarming issue for bothdeveloped and developing countries, which sometimesvaries from region to region as well. Unemployment accompaniedwith Exchange Rate Volatility (ERV, hereafter) worsens thesituation. This paper tries to explore the relationship between ERVand unemployment and other selected factors in the case ofPakistan from 1980 to 2018. After necessary simulation, the st... Details

    Exchange Rate Volatility, Unemployment, Economy of Pakistan

    (1) Atiq Ur Rahman
    MPhil, Department of Economics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Qamar uz Zaman
    College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China.
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06 - Strategic and Economic Importance of Chabahar Port..

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).06
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).06      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Due to China's engagement in the Gwadar Port,India has hastened the process of becoming ashareholder and stakeholder in Chabahar Port in order tocounter the Chinese threat. Chabahar is India's gateway toCentral and South Asia. It is Iran's intention to link and accessthese countries through the building of the Chabahar Port. Withthe expansion of these connections between South Asia andCentral Asia... Details

    Strategic, Engagement, Chabahar, Stakeholders, Gateway

    (1) Fakhr ul Munir
    Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Shaukat khan
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Nelofer Ihsan
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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07 - Road to Openness: Implications of Globalization for Education in Pakistan....

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).07
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).07      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    The current study discusses the implications of globalization for education in Pakistan. Time series data from 1980 to 2019 has been used. KOF Index of globalization has been used as a composite measure of globalization. This index is based on three aspects of globalization: economic, social, and political. For education, the study employed the annual data for the adult literacy rate. Other suppor... Details

    Globalization, Education, Government Expenditures, Time Series, Co-integration

    (1) Muhammad Abdullah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Atif Ali Gill
    Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Ayza Shoukat
    Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
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08 - Empirical Analysis of Poverty Reduction and Governance in Pakistan: A Qualitativ

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).08
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).08      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Government stability, law, and order, internal conflict, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, quality of bureaucracy, corruption, external conflict,investment profile, military in politics, religious tensions, and ethnic are the key policy variables that are directly and strongly correlated with all strategies and measures to reduce poverty. And these are summarised in one terminology, i.... Details

    Governance, Poverty, Co-integration, Stability of Econometric Model, ARDL Bound Test Approach

    (1) Muhammad Shahid
    Assistant Professor/Head, Department of Economics, Government Graduate College Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Rana Khalid Mehmood
    Ph.D. Scholar, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Naeem Anjum
    Assistant Professor of Business Administration, University of Sargodha, Bhakkar Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
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09 - Income Inequalities among Earners Engaged in Selected Occupations and Profession

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).09
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).09      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    The current study investigates income in equalities among earners engaged in different occupations and professions in Pakistan using HIES data for 2010-11 and 2015-16, focusing on their yearly income. Income equation and differences of income between subgroups of the population are estimated by using the OLS method. The generalized Entropy(GE) Class method is employed to evaluate the contribution ... Details

    Income Inequality; Occupations and Professions, HIES, OLS, GE, Decomposition Analysis

    (1) Rafit Saheed
    School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Nauman Ahmad
    Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Mirza Tahir Rahim
    Department of Economics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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10 - Corporate Policy and Capital Structure Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Non- F

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).10
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).10      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Capital structure is expressed as the mixture of long-term debt and equity that a company uses in its financing composition. The importance of long-term financing in any business cannot be misjudged because it identifies the choice of optimal financing mix for the long-run survival of the business. The basic purpose of this study is to identify the behavior of financing composition through main co... Details

    Corporate Policy, Capital Structure, Leverage, Earning Volatility

    (1) Faiz Rasool
    Research Scholar, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Kashif Hamid
    Lecturer, Institute of Business Management Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
    (3) Muhammad Yasir Saeed
    Visiting Lecturer, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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11 - Sustainable Growth and Profitability in the Pakistani Insurance Sector: An Intel

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).11
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).11      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    In this new era of knowledge-based systems, financial institutions tend to improve as per performance standards using tangible and intangible resources. Intellectual capital (IC) gained much attention and in the recent past has encouraged the researchers to shed light on the connection of IC.The insurance companies plays a vital role in the financial system.This study investigates the impact of IC... Details

    Sustainable Growth, Earnings, Profitability, Intellectual Capital, Insurance Companies, Pakistan

    (1) Syed Muhamad Basit Raza Bukhari
    PhD, Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
    (2) Muhammad Abubakar Shoaib
    Department of Economics and Finance, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Aemin Nasir
    PhD, Management Science, School of Business Management, University Utara Malaysia
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12 - Investigating the Role of Economic Impediments in the Extent of Dropout of Femal

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).12
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).12      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    The titled study is concerned with the dropout of females from secondary schools in District Bajaur due to the economic impediments of the study population. A sample size of 169 respondents was taken possessively by using Sekaran criteria. A cross-sectional study design was developed for the collection of data according to the conceptual framework showing the dependent variable (Nature of Drop out... Details

    Cross-Sectional Study, Education, Economic Impediments, Female Students, Bajaur

    (1) Hammad Zada
    M.Phil Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Saima Sarir
    Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Jawad
    Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
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13 - Financial Development and Economic Growth an Advanced Econometric Modeling Appro

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).13
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).13      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Financial development is essential for economic growth for all economies. In the current study, we examine the importance of financial development on economic growth for different countries using advanced econometric techniques of model selection. We use Auto metrics, Elastic Net,and Extreme Bound Analysis to retain the variables that affect the economic growth by using the data (1980-2019) on 32 ... Details

    Financial Development, Economic Growth, Elastic Net, Autometrics, Extreme Bound Analysis

    (1) Imran Khan
    Econometrician, Department of Economics and Econometrics, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Atiq ur Rehman
    Associate Professor/Director, Kashmir Institute of Economics, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
    (3) Saud Ahmad Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Econometrics, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Pakistan.
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14 - Impact of Heads' Leadership and Team Management Competencies on Teachers' Job Sa

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).14
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).14      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    This study is conducted to assess the impact of heads' leadership and team management competencies on teachers' job satisfaction at the university level. Mixed method research was used to conduct the study. Four universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were randomly chosen. Four deans of social sciences, 40 heads of social sciences, and 175 faculty members were chosen as the sample. Deans of socia... Details

    Leadership Styles, Team Management Competencies, Job Satisfaction, Motivational Level, Creative Climate, Problem-solving

    (1) Nazir Haider Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, AJ&K, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
    (2) Shabeena Shaheen
    Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
    (3) Saima Asghar
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
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15 - Assessing the Impact of Hazara Motorway on Hotel Industry Growth in Hazara Regio

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).15
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).15      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    This research work explores the influence of the CPEC on hotel industry progress in the Hazara region. Using a purposive simple random sample approach, the primary data was collected through questionnaire from 112 hotel managers/owners by addressing their responses to aspects related to the future hotel industry growth forecasts in the Hazara region under the CPEC. The technique used for the analy... Details

    Binary Logistic Model, CPEC, Hotel Industry Growth, Hazara Region

    (1) Rafit Saheed
    School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Armaghan Khan
    Department of Business Studies, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Sumair Ahmad
    Research Associate, Ministry of Commerce, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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16 - An Anthropological Study of Religious Economies at the Shrine of Shah Rukn-e- Al

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).16
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).16      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    Shrine is a place that has religious, cultural, and political significance, especially in Pakistani society. People visit shrines regularly and perform various religious rituals for the pilgrimage of Sufi saints and fulfillment of their needs. This paper analyses the economic underpinnings of various rituals practiced at the shrine of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Multan. The interplay of religion and economy... Details

    Religious Economies, Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Shrine, Commodification of Religion

    (1) Tayyaba Batool Tahir
    Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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17 - Skill-biased Impact of Trade Liberalization on Employment in the manufacturing s

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).17
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).17      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    This study explores the association between trade liberalization and skilled employment from 1990 to 2005. Our estimation approach analyzes how skilled employment is affected by the protection rate. Trade liberalization and skilled employment are associated.Liberalization has increased skilled employment in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The findings also indicated a significant link betwee... Details

    Skilled Labor, Sectoral Study, Trade Liberalization, Pakistan

    (1) Jabbar Ul-Haq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sana Khanum
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Kashif Imran
    Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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18 - A Critical View of the Implications of Socioeconomic Status on Spousal Life in

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).18
10.31703/ger.2021(VI-II).18      Published : Jun 2021

Abstract

    The study aims to investigate the subject of financial status and its consequences for parenthood in the play Long Day’s Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill. The study explores the personality of James Tyrone in the illumination of the financial hypothesis by Max Weber and its consequences for his social way of behaving inside the circle of his day-to-day life. The specialist applied a fina... Details

    Financial Hypothesis by Max Weber, James Tyron, Socioeconomic Status; Subjective Technique for Information Investigation

    (1) Sana Riaz
    Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Ayaz Ahmad Aryan
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Saleh Ahmad
    MPhil. Scholar, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
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